What is urinary incontinence? What causes urinary incontinence?
What is urinary incontinence in women?
Millions of women experience involuntary loss of urine called urinary incontinence (UI). Some women may lose a few drops of urine while running or coughing. Others may feel a strong, sudden need to urinate just before losing a large amount of urine. Many women experience symptoms. UI can be a bit annoying or completely debilitating. For some women, the risk of public embarrassment keeps them from enjoying many activities with family and friends. Urine loss can also occur during sexual activity and cause tremendous emotional distress.
Women experience UI twice as often as men. The pregnancy and childbirth, menopause, and the structure of the account of female urinary tract of this dispute. However, both women and men can become incontinent from neurologic injury, birth defects, stroke, Multiple sclerosis and physical problems associated with aging.
Older women experience UI more often than most women youth. But incontinence is not inevitable with age. UI is a medical problem. Your doctor or nurse can help you find a solution. No treatment works for everyone, but many women find improvement without surgery.
Incontinence occurs because of problems with the muscles and nerves that help to maintain or release urine. The body stores urine – water and waste excreted by the kidneys – in the bladder, a balloon-shaped organ. The bladder connects to the urethra, the tube through in which urine leaves the body.
During urination, muscles in the wall of the bladder contract, forcing urine from the bladder and urethra. At the same time, sphincter muscles surrounding the urethra relax, allowing urine to exit the body. Incontinence occurs if the bladder muscles suddenly contract or muscles sphincter is not strong enough to hold urine. Urine may escape with less pressure than usual if the muscles are damaged, causing a change in the position of the bladder. Obesity, which is associated with increased abdominal pressure, can worsen incontinence. Fortunately, losing weight can reduce its severity.
What are the signs and symptoms of urinary incontinence?
The main symptom is the release (leakage) of urine when you do not want. When and how this occurs will depend on the type of urinary incontinence.
Stress incontinence – this is the most common urinary incontinence, especially among women who have given birth or have gone through menopause. In this case the stress refers to the physical pressure rather than mental stress. When the bladder and the muscles involved in bladder control are under extra pressure suddenly the person can urinate involuntarily.
The following actions may cause stress incontinence:
- A sudden cough
- Sneezing
- Laughing
- Heavy lifting
- Exercise
The amount of urine leakage will depend on its full shape of the bladder and the muscles are affected.
Urge incontinence (stress incontinence) -, also known as reflex incontinence. This is the second most common urinary incontinence. The bladder is either unstable or overactive. There is a sudden and involuntary contraction of the muscular wall of the bladder (the muscles detrusor) that causes urinary urgency – a need to urinate that can not be stopped. There is an involuntary loss of urine for no apparent reason while suddenly feeling the need or urgency.
When the urge comes the person has very little time before the urine is released, no matter how we try to do. The need to urinate can be caused by:
- A sudden change in position
- The sound of running water (for some)
- Sex (especially during orgasm)
People with urge incontinence tend to have to urinate frequently, sometimes getting up to go to the bathroom at night.
The bladder muscles can be activated unintentionally due to damage to nerves in the bladder, nerves or muscles themselves.
Overflow incontinence – This type of incontinence is more common in men with problems of the prostate gland, bladder function, or a blocked urethra. An enlarged prostate obstructs the bladder, the person often only manages to urinate in small spurts and have to go often. He may feel that your bladder is never completely empty, even after trying hard.
In short, overflow incontinence is the inability to empty the bladder, the patient often carries urine. Some patients steady drip of urine (frequency difference).
Mixed incontinence – If a patient experiences both stress and urge incontinence that he / she has mixed incontinence.
Functional incontinence – The person knows that there is a need to urinate, but can not reach the bathroom in time due to mobility problems. If a person has a disability may not be able to get the pants decreased over time, this is an example of functional incontinence. The amount lost can be large. The most common causes of functional incontinence include:
- Confusion
- Dementia
- Poor vision
- Poor mobility
- poor skill (can not unbuckle pants at the time)
- Depression, anxiety or anger (Do not want to go to the bathroom)
People with functional incontinence may have difficulty in thinking, moving, or communication – these difficulties can prevent from reaching a toilet.
Functional incontinence is more common among the elderly, and is common in nursing homes.
Functional incontinence can occur when there is nothing physically wrong with the person. If you are on a long trip and death to urinate, but no bathrooms nearby.
Gross total incontinence – This means either continuously leak urine all day and night, or have uncontrollable periodic leak large amounts of urine. The bladder is unable to store urine. The patient may have a congenital problem (Born with a defect), may be injury to the spinal cord and urinary system lesions, or may have a fistula between the bladder and the vagina eg.
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